Grand duke

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Part of a series on
Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
Emperor, Empress dowager Tsar, Tsarina High king, High queen
King consort dowager Queen regnant consort dowager mother Grand duke, Grand duchess Archduke, Archduchess
Prince consort Princess consort Duke, Duchess Crown prince, Crown princess Jarl Prince-elector, Princess-elector
Marquess, Marchioness Margrave, Margravine Marcher lord Count palatine Voivode
Count, Countess Earl Ealdorman
Viscount, Viscountess Castellan Burgrave, Burgravine Landgrave Advocatus Vidame Starosta
Baron, Baroness Thane Lendmann Primor Boyar
Ritter Baronet, Baronetess Fidalgo Nobile
Knight, Chevalier Imperial Knight Druzhinnik
Esquire Gentleman, Gentlewoman Ministerialis Lord of the Manor
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Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in order of precedence below an emperor, King, grand prince, archduke, or prince-archbishop, and above a sovereign prince or sovereign duke. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:

• in the present-day Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
• historically by the sovereigns of former independent countries, such as Tuscany (from 1569 to 1860, now part of Italy)
• in Baden, Hesse, Oldenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Saxe-Weimar – grand duchies from 1815 to 1918, and all now part of present-day Germany
• formerly also in some countries in Northern Europe, such as the Grand Duchy of Finland or the Grand Duchy of Lithuania